The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-α subunit (EIF2S1) is the first regulatory step that catalyzes the initiation of protein synthesis and promotes the binding of the initial tRNA to the 40S ribosomal subunit. As an important translation initiation factor, the eukaryotic initiation factor 2-α subunit is regulated by a variety of signal molecules, that is, it functions by regulating the phosphorylation and acetylation status of EIF2S1. Kinases activated by viral infection (PKR), endoplasmic reticulum stress (PERK/PEK), amino acid deprivation (GCN2) or heme deficiency (HRI) can phosphorylate EIF2S1 to regulate the transcription and translation of cell-related genes and enhance Cell protection mechanism.
