STING has several transmembrane domains, and is expressed in a variety of endothelial cells, epithelial cells and hematopoietic liver cells. STING participates in the DNA-mediated innate immune response. Non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses or bacteria binds to cGAS protein and is catalyzed to the second messenger cGAMP; then the dimerized STING binds to cGAMP and undergoes conformational changes. Through the autophagsome and the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, it further enters the cytoplasm. During the period, it is ubiquitinated and recruited TBK1 protein, then phosphorylated, and then combined with IRF3; then IRF3 is phosphorylated and enters the nucleus to induce the expression of IFNs, etc. In conclusion, it can enhance the body's immune ability and kill bacteria, viruses and other pathogens to a greater extent.
