CA-125 is a glycoprotein, which is the main marker of epithelial ovarian cancer, especially serous adenocarcinoma. It can be used for the differential judging of serous adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma. It can also be used for the study of other malignant tumors, such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer and gastrointestinal cancer.
CA19-9 is a monosialoganglioside related to the LewisA blood group antigen. CA19-9 may play a role in tumor progression as an adhesion molecule. The CA 19-9 antibody has been shown to label adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, stomach, breast, colon, and gallbladder.
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9/CA IX) is a zinc-containing metalloproteinase mainly distributed in the gastrointestinal tract and gallbladder. CA IX is overexpressed in many types of cancer, including renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) as well as cervical, breast, and lung cancers, but is lowexpressed in normal kidney and most other normal tissues. It is mainly used in the diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. 75-100% of clear cell renal cell carcinoma is diffusely and strongly positive, and other types of renal cell carcinoma are negative or only focally positive.
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