AATF is an RNA polymerase II binding protein that participates in the transcriptional regulation of E2F target genes and cell proliferation, and protects cells from a variety of stress stimuli by inducing cell cycle arrest, autophagy or apoptosis inhibition. AATF can also be used as a general inhibitor of histone deacetylase HDAC1.
4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABAT gene. This gene is located in chromosome 16 at position of 13.2. This gene goes by a number of names, including, GABA transaminase, GABAT, 4-aminobutyrate transaminase, NPD009 etc. This gene is mainly and abundant located in neuronal tissues. 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase belongs to group of pyridoxal 5-phosphate-dependent enzyme which activates a large portion giving reaction to amino acids. ABAT is made up of two monomers of enzymes where each subunit has a molecular weight of 50kDa. It is identified that almost tierce of human synapses have GABA. GABA is a neurotransmitter that has different roles in different regions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It can be found also in some tissues that do not have neurons. In addition, GAD and GABA-AT are responsible in regulating the concentration of GABA.
Catalyzes the transport of the major hydrophobic bile salts, such as taurine and glycine-conjugated cholic acid across the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes in an ATP-dependent manner, therefore participates to hepatic bile acids homeostasis and consequently to lipid homeostasis through regulation of biliary lipid secretion in a bile salts dependent manner. Transports taurine-conjugated bile salts more rapidly than glycine-conjugated bile salts. Also transports non-bile acid compounds, such as pravastatin and fexofenadine in an ATP-dependent manner and may be involved in their biliary excretion.
Cotranslational quality control factor involved in the No-Go Decay (NGD) pathway. Together with PELO and HBS1L, is required for 48S complex formation from 80S ribosomes and dissociation of vacant 80S ribosomes. Together with PELO and HBS1L, recognizes stalled ribosomes and promotes dissociation of elongation complexes assembled on non-stop mRNAs; this triggers endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA, a mechanism to release non-functional ribosomes and to degrade damaged mRNAs as part of the No-Go Decay (NGD) pathway. Plays a role in the regulation of mRNA turnover. Plays a role in quality control of translation of mitochondrial outer membrane-localized mRNA. As part of the PINK1-regulated signaling, ubiquitinated by CNOT4 upon mitochondria damage; this modification generates polyubiquitin signals that recruit autophagy receptors to the mitochondrial outer membrane and initiate mitophagy. RNASEL-specific protein inhibitor which antagonizes the binding of 2-5A (5'-phosphorylated 2',5'-linked oligoadenylates) to RNASEL. Negative regulator of the anti-viral effect of the interferon-regulated 2-5A/RNASEL pathway.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the OABP subfamily. Alternatively referred to as the RNase L inhibitor, this protein functions to block the activity of ribonuclease L. Activation of ribonuclease L leads to inhibition of protein synthesis in the 2-5A/RNase L system, the central pathway for viral interferon action. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
ABHD14B belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily, ABHD14 family. It can be detected in spleen, thymus, prostate, testis, ovary, small intestine, colon, peripheral blood leukocyte, heart, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas and kidney. ABHD14B has hydrolase activity towards p-nitrophenyl butyrate (in vitro) and may interact with TAF1. It may activate transcription. Recombinant human ABHD14B protein, fused to His-tag at N-terminus, was expressed in E.coli and purified by using conventional chromatography techniques. ABHD14B contains an alpha/beta hydrolase fold, which is a catalytic domain found in a very wide range of enzymes. In molecular biology, the alpha/beta hydrolase fold is common to a number of hydrolytic enzymes of widely differing phylogenetic origin and catalytic function. The Ab hydrolase domain containing gene subfamily is comprised of 15 mostly uncharacterized members.
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