Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families. Alpha crystallins are composed of two gene products: alpha-A and alpha-B, for acidic and basic, respectively. Alpha crystallins can be induced by heat shock and are members of the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family. They act as molecular chaperones although they do not renature proteins and release them in the fashion of a true chaperone; instead they hold them in large soluble aggregates. These heterogeneous aggregates consist of 30-40 subunits; the alpha-A and alpha-B subunits have a 3:1 ratio, respectively. Two additional functions of alpha crystallins are an autokinase activity and participation in the intracellular architecture.
alpha -Galactosidase A is a homodimeric glycoprotein that can release terminal alpha -galactosyl moieties from glycolipids and glycoproteins and catalyze the hydrolysis of melibiose into galactose and glucose . It is a lysosomal enzyme and is responsible for degradation of glycolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) (Gal alpha 1‑4Gal beta 1‑4Glc beta ‑ceramide). Mutations in this gene cause Fabry disease, an X-linked hereditary lysosomal storage disease with the accumulation of Gb3 in the walls of small blood vessels, nerves, dorsal root ganglia, renal glomerular and tubular epithelial cells, and cardiomyocytes .
The protein belongs to the actin family of proteins, which are highly conserved proteins that play a role in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha, beta and gamma actin isoforms have been identified, with alpha actins being a major constituent of the contractile apparatus, while beta and gamma actins are involved in the regulation of cell motility. This actin is an alpha actin that is found in skeletal muscle.
Alpha smooth muscle actin encoded by the ACTA2 gene is a key protein in the highly conserved actin family, which plays a crucial role in cell motility, structure and integrity. This isoform is predominantly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells, where it is essential for maintaining the structure and function of blood vessels and other smooth muscle tissues. Mutations in ACTA2 are linked to various vascular disorders, including familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD) and multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the actin family of proteins, which are highly conserved proteins that play a role in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha, beta and gamma actin isoforms have been identified, with alpha actins being a major constituent of the contractile apparatus, while beta and gamma actins are involved in the regulation of cell motility. This actin is an alpha actin that is found in skeletal muscle. Defects in this gene cause aortic aneurysm familial thoracic type 6. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. Acetylation of alpha chains at Lys-40 is located inside the microtubule lumen. This modification has been correlated with increased microtubule stability, intracellular transport and ciliary assembly.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain.MiscellaneousThis tubulin does not have a C-terminal tyrosine.RegionsFeature keyPosition(s)Description
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