The 21-24 kDa integral proteins, caveolins, are the principal structural components of the cholesterol/sphingolipid-enriched plasma membrane microdomain caveolae. Three members of the caveolin family (caveolin-1, -2, and -3) have been identified with different tissue distributions. Caveolins form hetero- and homo-oligomers that interact with cholesterol and other lipids. Caveolins are involved in diverse biological functions, including vesicular trafficking, cholesterol homeostasis, cell adhesion, and apoptosis, and are also implicated in neurodegenerative disease. Caveolins interact with multiple signaling molecules, such as Gα subunit, tyrosine kinase receptors, PKCs, Src family tyrosine kinases, and eNOS. It is believed that caveolins serve as scaffolding proteins for the integration of signal transduction. Phosphorylation at Tyr14 is essential for caveolin association with SH2 or PTB domain-containing adaptor proteins, such as GRB7. Phosphorylation at Ser80 regulates caveolin binding to the ER membrane and entry into the secretory pathway.
CREB-binding protein (CREBBP/CBP), encoded by the human CREBBP gene, is a transcriptional co-activator. CREBBP functions through interactions with transcription factors, mediated by one or more domains: the nuclear receptor interaction domain (RID), the KIX domain (CREB and MYB interaction domain), the cysteine/histidine regions (TAZ1/CH1 and TAZ2/CH3), and the interferon response binding domain. The KIX, TAZ1, and TAZ2 domains of CREBBP bind tightly to the 9aaTADs, the nine amino acid transactivation domains within the tumor suppressor protein p53, thereby influencing its transcriptional activity.
Component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Binds to histone H3 trimethylated at 'Lys-9' (H3K9me3) or at 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3). Plays a role in the lineage differentiation of the germ layers in embryonic development. Involved in sexual development, acting as activator of NR5A1 expression.
CBX4 is a component of the PRC1 complex, which together with Ring1 strongly enhances the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of the Ring2 catalytic subunit. CBX4 itself is a SUMO E3 ligase, and its function influences EMT, DNA damage response, tumor angiogenesis, and self-renewal. E3 SUMO-protein ligase which facilitates SUMO1 conjugation by UBE2I. It is involved in the SUMOylation of HNRNPK, a p53/TP53 transcriptional coactivator, hence indirectly regulates p53/TP53 transcriptional activation resulting in p21/CDKN1A expression.
Coiled-coil domain containing 134 (CCDC134) is a 229 amino acids secretory protein. Coiled-coil domain is a motif in which alpha-helix are coiled together. It has been found in many types of proteins, including transcription factors, intermediate filaments and certain tRNA synthetases. Many proteins containing such motif CCDC134 are involved in important biological functions. CCDC134 is also considered as a novel human MAPK-regulating protein that can inhibit the MAPK pathway. This protein significantly inhibite Elk1 transcriptional activity. The coiled-coil domain is a ubiquitous protein motif that is often involved in oligomerization.
This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. The ligands of this receptor include macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted protein (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein 3 (MCP-3), and myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor-1 (MPIF-1). Chemokines and their receptors mediated signal transduction are critical for the recruitment of effector immune cells to the site of inflammation. Knockout studies of the mouse homolog suggested the roles of this gene in host protection from inflammatory response, and susceptibility to virus and parasite. This gene and other chemokine receptor genes, including CCR2, CCRL2, CCR3, CCR5 and CCXCR1, are found to form a gene cluster on chromosome 3p. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2005]
Receptor for the C-C type chemokine CCL20. Binds to CCL20 and subsequently transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ion levels. Although CCL20 is its major ligand it can also act as a receptor for non-chemokine ligands such as beta-defensins. Binds to defensin DEFB1 leading to increase in intracellular calcium ions and cAMP levels. Its binding to DEFB1 is essential for the function of DEFB1 in regulating sperm motility and bactericidal activity. Binds to defensins DEFB4 and DEFB4A/B and mediates their chemotactic effects. The ligand-receptor pair CCL20-CCR6 is responsible for the chemotaxis of dendritic cells (DC), effector/ memory T-cells and B-cells and plays an important role at skin and mucosal surfaces under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, as well as in pathology, including cancer and various autoimmune diseases. CCR6-mediated signals are essential for immune responses to microbes in the intestinal mucosa and in the modulation of inflammatory responses initiated by tissue insult and trauma.
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