Cell adhesion glycoprotein predominantly expressed on the surface of endothelial cells that plays an important role in immune surveillance and inflammation. Acts as a major regulator of leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium through interaction with different types of integrins. During inflammatory responses,binds ligands on the surface of activated endothelial cells to initiate the activation of calcium channels and the plasma membrane-associated small GTPase RAC1 leading to leukocyte transendothelial migration. Serves also as a quality-control checkpoint for entry into bone marrow by providing a 'don't-eat-me' stamping in the context of major histocompatibility complex(MHC) class-I presentation.
This gene is a member of the Ig superfamily and encodes a cell surface sialoglycoprotein expressed by cytokine-activated endothelium. This type I membrane protein mediates leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and signal transduction, and may play a role in the development of artherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Three alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1),also known as CD106,is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. VCAM1 is expressed by cytokine-activated endothelium,interacts with integrin VLA4 (α4β1) present on the surface of leukocytes,and mediates both adhesion and signal transduction. It is also expressed either constitutively or inducibly in a variety of other cell types,including vascular smooth muscle cells,differentiating skeletal muscle cells,renal and neural epithelial cells,macrophages (Kupffer cells),dendritic cells,and bone marrow stromal cells .
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