Bilirubin is one of the important components of bile. It is the degradation product of hemoglobin in various heme proteins under the action of a series of enzymes. It is important to the digestion and absorption of lipids and the formation of yellow distemper. Bilirubin comes in two forms: water-soluble and water-insoluble. Bilirubin has powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and autoimmune properties. The concentration of bilirubin in human body is related to sex, drug intake, age and so on. Low serum bilirubin is directly related to diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and other pathological states. However, high bilirubin is indicative of hemolysis, jaundice, Gilbert syndrome, hepatitis, drug toxicity, and possible bile duct obstruction.
Carbohydrate is one of the important components of various bodies, and is also the main raw material and storage material of metabolism. Total carbohydrate mainly refers to reducing glucose, fructose, pentose, lactose, maltose, sucrose that can be hydrolyzed to reducing monosaccharides under determined conditions, and possibly partially hydrolyzed starch. The total carbohydrate was hydrolyzed to reducing sugar, which was reduced to amino compounds after co-heating with 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid under alkaline conditions. The amount of reducing sugar was proportional to the color of the reddish brown substance, and the total carbohydrate content in the sample was determined by this method.
Carbonyl can react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and produce a kind of reddish brown hydrazone compounds, which has a specific absorbance peak at 370 nm. The content of carbonyl can be calculated according to the absorbance value.
Total Cholesterol (TC) includes free cholesterol (FC) and cholesteryl esters (CE). Cholesterol ester can be hydrolyzed by cholesterol esterase to produce cholesterol and free fatty acid. Cholesterol is oxidized by cholesterol oxidase to produce △4-cholestenone and hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of the enzyme and probe, hydrogen peroxide can be catalyzed to produce the fluorescence substrate. The fluorescence intensity at the excitation wavelength of 535 nm and emission wavelength of 590 nm is proportional to the cholesterol concentration.
Total cholesterol includes free cholesterol and cholesterol esters. Cholesterol ester can be hydrolyzed by cholesterol esterase to produce cholesterol and free fatty acid. Cholesterol is oxidized by cholesterol oxidase to produce △4-cholestenone and hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of 4-aminoamylpyridine and phenol, hydrogen peroxide catalyze peroxidase to form red quinone compounds of benzoquinone imine phenizone.The color depth of the generated quinone is directly proportional to the cholesterol content. The absorbance values of the standard tube and the sample tube are measured respectively, and the cholesterol content in the sample can be calculated.
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