CD70 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily (TNFSF), also known as CD27L and TNFSF7. It is normally expressed on medullary thymic epithelial cells. Its expression is induced on activated lymphoid cells (B cells, T cells, and NK cells) and dendritic cells. CD70 is a ligand for CD27, a co-stimulatory receptor that plays an important role in T cell activation and proliferation. CD70 overexpression has been reported in various tumors such as renal cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, and non-small cell lung carcinoma and it’s being actively pursued as a therapeutic target.
CD72 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein of 39-45 kDa and is expressed as a disulphide-linked homodimer. CD72 is a pan B-cell marker covering the full range of differentiation from the very early stages of B cells to mature surface Ig+ B cells. It is expressed in all stages of B cell development except plasma cells. CD72 is also expressed by dendritic cells, tissue macrophages in the red pulp of the spleen and von Kupffer cells in the liver. CD72 is the ligand for CD5. CD72 is a negative regulator of BCR signaling. Interaction of CD100 with CD72 strictly tunes the strength of BCR signals and is essential for maintaining immunological homeostasis as well as generating a proper immune response.
The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma membrane protein that catalyzes the conversion of extracellular nucleotides to membrane-permeable nucleosides. The encoded protein is used as a determinant of lymphocyte differentiation. Defects in this gene can lead to the calcification of joints and arteries. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
CD74, also known as the MHC Class II-associated invariant chain (Ii), is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that plays a critical role in the antigen presentation process as a chaperone of MHC Class II proteins. It is expressed at high levels on B cells and to a lesser extent on numerous antigen presenting cell (APC) types including dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, monocytes, and macrophages as well as non-traditional APCs such as epithelial cells. CD74 was initially identified for its ability to regulate the folding and intracellular trafficking of newly synthesized MHC Class II molecules. Following expression, CD74 self-assembles as a trimer that serves as a scaffold for the assembly of MHC Class II molecules. Through this interaction, CD74 blocks the peptide binding cleft of MHC Class II molecules and prevents their premature association with endogenous polypeptides. Binding to CD74 also facilitates the translocation of MHC Class II molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endocytic compartments during antigen presentation.
The B lymphocyte antigen receptor is a multimeric complex that includes the antigen-specific component, surface immunoglobulin (Ig). Surface Ig non-covalently associates with two other proteins, Ig-alpha and Ig-beta, which are necessary for expression and function of the B-cell antigen receptor. This gene encodes the Ig-alpha protein of the B-cell antigen component. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.
Required in cooperation with CD79B for initiation of the signal transduction cascade activated by binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) which leads to internalization of the complex, trafficking to late endosomes and antigen presentation. Also required for BCR surface expression and for efficient differentiation of pro- and pre-B-cells. Stimulates SYK autophosphorylation and activation. Binds to BLNK, bringing BLNK into proximity with SYK and allowing SYK to phosphorylate BLNK. Also interacts with and increases activity of some Src-family tyrosine kinases. Represses BCR signaling during development of immature B-cells.
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