CD79 molecule encompasses two transmembrane proteins, CD79a and CD79b, which form a disulfide-linked heterodimer and are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily (PMID: 2033258; 1375264; 2304550). CD79b molecule (also known as B29, IGB, AGM6, and Igbeta) is expressed almost exclusively on B cells and B-cell neoplasms, influencing antigen internalization and increasing antigen presentation efficiency (PMID: 7552998). CD79b mutation could be a key biomarker for DLBCL disease progression (PMID: 36182550).
Required in cooperation with CD79A for initiation of the signal transduction cascade activated by the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) which leads to internalization of the complex, trafficking to late endosomes and antigen presentation. Enhances phosphorylation of CD79A, possibly by recruiting kinases which phosphorylate CD79A or by recruiting proteins which bind to CD79A and protect it from dephosphorylation.
This gene encodes a transmembrane protein which is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is found on thymocytes and mature T cells. It plays an essential role in T-cell interactions and also in T-cell/B-cell interaction during early lymphoid development.
The CD7 antigen is a membrane-embedded glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 37-40 kDa and a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family. It plays an important role in T-cell and T-cell/B-cell interactions during early lymphoid development. CD7 is the earliest T-cell-associated molecule to appear in stem cells and prethymic stages and extends its expression all the way to the mature T cells. This molecule is also present on NK cells. In addition, the pluripotent bone marrow stem cells may express CD7. A subpopulation of AML, particularly those with monocytic or megakaryocytic differentiation, may express CD7. Lack of CD7 expression can be used for the detection of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, such as mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. However, normal and reactive T cells often demonstrate variable degree of CD7 loss.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins. This protein appears to promote muscle cell fusion and support myotube maintenance. Also it may be involved in signal transduction. This gene is localized in the tumor-suppressor gene region and thus it is a candidate gene for malignancies. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Human CD83 is a 40‑50 kDa member of the Siglec (or sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin) family of transmembrane proteins . CD83 is synthesized as a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that contains a 125 amino acid (aa) extracellular region, a 22 aa transmembrane segment, and 39 aa cytoplasmic domain. It contains one V type Ig-like domain in the extracellular region with no inhibitory cytoplasmic motif(s).
The CD2 family receptors are type I transmembrane glycoproteins belonging to immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily characterized by a membrane-proximal Ig constant 2 (C2) domain and a membrane-distal variable (V) domain that is responsible for ligand recognition. CD84, also known as LY9B and SLAMF5, is a homophilic member of the SLAM (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule) subfamily of the CD2 family. The SLAM family receptorsmediate signal transduction through the interaction of its ITSM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motifs) in the intracellular region and the SH2 domain of adaptor molecules SAP (SLAM-associated protein) and EAT-2 (EWS-activated transcript 2), and accordingly modulate both adaptive and innate immune responses. The CD84-CD84 interaction was independent of its cytoplasmic tail. Thus, CD84 is its own ligand and acts as a costimulatory molecule. CD84 is expressed on cells from almost all hematopoietic lineages and on CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, suggesting that CD84 serves as a marker for committed hematopoietic progenitor cells.
This gene encodes a type I membrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is expressed by antigen-presenting cells, and it is the ligand for two proteins at the cell surface of T cells, CD28 antigen and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4. Binding of this protein with CD28 antigen is a costimulatory signal for activation of the T-cell. Binding of this protein with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 negatively regulates T-cell activation and diminishes the immune response. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
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