DR5, also known as CD262, TNFRSF10B, TRAILR2, TRICK2 and KILLER, is a widely expressed single-pass type I membrane protein belonging to the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF). It is a receptor for TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines and induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cells. DR5 contains two extracellular cysteine-rich repeats, typical for TNF receptor (TNFR) family members, and a cytoplasmic death domain (DD), through which DR5 is capable to transmit the apoptotic signal. In PDAC cells, especially Panc89 cells, it expresses additionally to the approximately 48 and 40 kDa forms of DR5, a faster migrating variant of DR5 of about 32 kDa. The TRAIL receptor 2 (death receptor 5, or DR5) forms receptor dimers in a ligand-dependent manner.
DROSHA(drosha ribonuclease III) Homo sapiens This gene encodes a ribonuclease (RNase) III double-stranded RNA-specific ribonuclease and subunit of the microprocessor protein complex, which catalyzes the initial processing step of microRNA (miRNA) synthesis. The encoded protein cleaves the stem loop structure from the primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) in the nucleus, yielding the precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is then exported to the cytoplasm for further processing. In a human cell line lacking a functional copy of this gene, canonical miRNA synthesis is reduced. Somatic mutations in this gene have been observed in human patients with kidney cancer.
This gene encodes a member of the dynamin superfamily of GTPases. The encoded protein mediates mitochondrial and peroxisomal division, and is involved in developmentally regulated apoptosis and programmed necrosis. Dysfunction of this gene is implicated in several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Mutations in this gene are associated with the autosomal dominant disorder, encephalopathy, lethal, due to defective mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission (EMPF). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
DSC2 is a calcium-dependent glycoprotein that is a member of the desmocollin subfamily of the cadherin superfamily. Like other desmocollins, murine DSC2 has two products, Dsc2a and Dsc2b, produced by alternative splicing of a 46 bp exon which encodes 11 COOH-terminal aa followed by an in-frame stop codon. These desmosomal family members, along with the desmogleins, are found primarily in epithelial cells where they constitute the adhesive proteins of the desmosome cell-cell junction and are required for cell adhesion and desmosome formation. The desmosomal family members are arranged in two clusters on chromosome 18, occupying less than 650 kb combined. Mutations in DSC2 are associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia-11. DSC2 is Involved in the interaction of plaque proteins and intermediate filaments mediating cell-cell adhesion. DSC2 may contribute to epidermal cell positioning by mediating differential adhesiveness between cells that express different isoforms.
DUSP5 is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. These phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which are associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for various MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli.
Microtubule-associated force-producing protein involved in producing microtubule bundles and able to bind and hydrolyze GTP. Most probably involved in vesicular trafficking processes. Involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. May play a role in changing or maintaining the spatial distribution of cytoskeletal structures.Binds and inhibits the catalytic activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.Promotes transactivation functions of ESR1 and plays a role in the nuclear localization of ESR1.Regulates apoptotic activities of BCL2L11 by sequestering it to microtubules. Upon apoptotic stimuli the BCL2L11-DYNLL1 complex dissociates from cytoplasmic dynein and translocates to mitochondria and sequesters BCL2 thus neutralizing its antiapoptotic activity.
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