The protein encoded by this gene is the CD3-epsilon polypeptide, which together with CD3-gamma, -delta and -zeta, and the T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, forms the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. This complex plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. The genes encoding the epsilon, gamma and delta polypeptides are located in the same cluster on chromosome 11. The epsilon polypeptide plays an essential role in T-cell development. Defects in this gene cause immunodeficiency. This gene has also been linked to a susceptibility to type I diabetes in women.
The CD40 antigen is a 44-48 kDa type I integral membrane protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. This antigen is found on B cell lines, is strongly expressed by interdigitating cells (IDC), basal epithelial cells, and is also present on macrophages, some endothelial cells, and follicular dendritic cells. It is a well-known regulator of T cell immunity including in cancer. CD40-ligand, primarily expressed on activated T cells, interacts with CD40 on APCs resulting in a ‘licensed’ state.
Integrin α-IIb/β-3 (ITGA2B) is a cell surface adhesion molecule that is the receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. In activated platelets, ITGA2B can be cleaved by proteolytic enzymes to generate disulfide bond-connected heavy and light chains, and form fibrinogen receptors together with glycoprotein IIIb, causing platelet interactions and rapid platelet aggregation, thereby Block the surface of ruptured endothelial cells. The corresponding ITGA2B gene mutation can cause platelet weakness.
GP-Ib, a surface membrane protein of platelets, participates in the formation of platelet plugs by binding to the A1 domain of vWF, which is already bound to the subendothelium.
CD42b, also named as GP1BA, is a 145-kDa surface membrane protein of platelets, participates in the formation of platelet plugs by binding to the A1 domain of vWF, which is already bound to the subendothelium. It has a heterodimer form which composed of GP1BA and GP1BB.
The protein encoded by this gene is a major sialoglycoprotein found on the surface of thymocytes, T lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, and some B lymphocytes. It may be part of a physiologic ligand-receptor complex involved in T-cell activation. During T-cell activation, this protein is actively removed from the T-cell-APC (antigen-presenting cell) contact site, suggesting a negative regulatory role in adaptive immune response.
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