CD44 is a 80-95 kD glycoprotein also known as Hermes, Pgp1, H-CAM, or HUTCH. It is expressed on all leukocytes, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and mesenchymal cells. As B and T cells become activated or progress to the memory stage, CD44 expression increases from a low or mid level of intensity to high expression levels. Thus, CD44 has been reported to be a valuable marker for memory cell subsets. CD44 is an adhesion molecule involved in leukocyte attachment to and rolling on endothelial cells, homing to peripheral lymphoid organs and to the sites of inflammation, and leukocyte aggregation.
The protein encoded by this gene is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration. It is a receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA) and can also interact with other ligands, such as osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This protein participates in a wide variety of cellular functions including lymphocyte activation, recirculation and homing, hematopoiesis, and tumor metastasis. Transcripts for this gene undergo complex alternative splicing that results in many functionally distinct isoforms, however, the full length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. Alternative splicing is the basis for the structural and functional diversity of this protein, and may be related to tumor metastasis.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitosis, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus is classified as a receptor type PTP. This PTP has been shown to be an essential regulator of T- and B-cell antigen receptor signaling. It functions through either direct interaction with components of the antigen receptor complexes, or by activating various Src family kinases required for the antigen receptor signaling. This PTP also suppresses JAK kinases, and thus functions as a regulator of cytokine receptor signaling.
CD45, previously called LCA (leukocyte common antigen), T200, or Ly5 in mice, is member C of the class 1 (receptor‑like) protein tyrosine phosphatase family (PTPRC). It is a variably glycosylated 180-220 kDa transmembrane protein that is abundantly expressed on all nucleated cells of hematopoietic origin . Multiple splicing isoforms of exon 4 (A), 5 (B), and 6 (C) are expressed according to cell type, developmental stage and antigenic exposure . The longest form, CD45RABC (called B220 in mouse) is expressed on B lymphocytes, The shortest form, CD45R0, lacking exons 4, 5 and 6 which encode aa 34‑194, is expressed on memory cells, while intermediate sizes are expressed on other T cells.
The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein and is a regulatory part of the complement system. The encoded protein has cofactor activity for inactivation of complement components C3b and C4b by serum factor I, which protects the host cell from damage by complement. In addition, the encoded protein can act as a receptor for the Edmonston strain of measles virus, human herpesvirus-6, and type IV pili of pathogenic Neisseria. Finally, the protein encoded by this gene may be involved in the fusion of the spermatozoa with the oocyte during fertilization. Mutations at this locus have been associated with susceptibility to hemolytic uremic syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.
Predicted to enable protein binding activity involved in heterotypic cell-cell adhesion and thrombospondin receptor activity. Involved in regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including monocyte aggregation; opsonization; and positive regulation of phagocytosis. Located in extracellular exosome. Is integral component of plasma membrane. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; central nervous system; genitourinary system; hemolymphoid system gland; and liver and biliary system. Orthologous to human CD47 (CD47 molecule).
Has a role in both cell adhesion by acting as an adhesion receptor for THBS1 on platelets, and in the modulation of integrins. Plays an important role in memory formation and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (By similarity). Receptor for SIRPA, binding to which prevents maturation of immature dendritic cells and inhibits cytokine production by mature dendritic cells. Interaction with SIRPG mediates cell-cell adhesion, enhances superantigen-dependent T-cell-mediated proliferation and costimulates T-cell activation. May play a role in membrane transport and/or integrin dependent signal transduction. May prevent premature elimination of red blood cells. May be involved in membrane permeability changes induced following virus infection.
CD47 has a role in both cell adhesion by acting as an adhesion receptor for THBS1 on platelets, and in the modulation of integrins. CD47 plays an important role in memory formation and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. CD47 is a receptor for SIRPA, binding to which prevents maturation of immature dendritic cells and inhibits cytokine production by mature dendritic cells. CD47 interacts with SIRPG mediates cell-cell adhesion, enhances superantigen-dependent T-cell-mediated proliferation and costimulates T-cell activation. CD47 may play a role in membrane transport and/or integrin dependent signal transduction. CD47 may prevent premature elimination of red blood cells. CD47 may be involved in membrane permeability changes induced following virus infection.
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