EGR2 is also named as KROX20, belongs to the EGR C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. As a zinc finger transcription factor, it is observed in both the somata and dendrites of central neurons. EGR2 plays an important role in the transient formation of hindbrain developmental compartments or rhombomeres and is also an important factor in peripheral myelination, maintenance of synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation. EGR2 expression is induced downstream of TCR signaling in NKT precursors and EGR2 is directly connected with the key molecular checkpoints defining NKT lineage commitment and stage progression, suggesting that EGR2 not only induces the early lineage-defining transcription factor PLZF, but also controls the downstream expression of the IL-2Rβ chain. EGR2 is regulated by both soluble and membrane-bound neuregulins and its concentration is partially modulated by calcium-dependent events. EGR2/Krox20 is also required for induction of Pmp22, and is nuclear-localized.
Histone methyltransferase that specifically mono- and dimethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me1 and H3K9me2, respectively) in euchromatin. H3K9me represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression by recruiting HP1 proteins to methylated histones. Also weakly methylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me).
EID1(EP300 interacting inhibitor of differentiation 1) is a member of the EID protein family, which regulates differentiation, transcription and acetyltransferase activity. EID1 function was originally identified as a transcriptional repressor which regulates cell cycle and differentiation, and leads to genome inactivation and instability by interacting with E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. EID1 is mainly located in the cytoplasm. It was translocated into the nuclei under stressed or pathological conditions such as AD patients and APP Tg mice brains.
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-α subunit (EIF2S1) is the first regulatory step that catalyzes the initiation of protein synthesis and promotes the binding of the initial tRNA to the 40S ribosomal subunit. As an important translation initiation factor, the eukaryotic initiation factor 2-α subunit is regulated by a variety of signal molecules, that is, it functions by regulating the phosphorylation and acetylation status of EIF2S1. Kinases activated by viral infection (PKR), endoplasmic reticulum stress (PERK/PEK), amino acid deprivation (GCN2) or heme deficiency (HRI) can phosphorylate EIF2S1 to regulate the transcription and translation of cell-related genes and enhance Cell protection mechanism.
The translation initiation factor EIF2 catalyzes the first regulated step of protein synthesis initiation, promoting the binding of the initiator tRNA to 40S ribosomal subunits. Binding occurs as a ternary complex of methionyl-tRNA, EIF2, and GTP. EIF2 is composed of 3 nonidentical subunits, the 36-kD EIF2-alpha subunit (EIF2S1), the 38-kD EIF2-beta subunit (EIF2S2; MIM 603908), and the 52-kD EIF2-gamma subunit (EIF2S3; MIM 300161). The rate of formation of the ternary complex is modulated by the phosphorylation state of EIF2-alpha (Ernst et al., 1987 [PubMed 2948954]).
RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is required for several steps in the initiation of protein synthesis. The eIF-3 complex associates with the 40S ribosome and facilitates the recruitment of eIF-1, eIF-1A, eIF-2: GTP:methionyl-tRNAi and eIF-5 to form the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC). The eIF-3 complex stimulates mRNA recruitment to the 43S PIC and scanning of the mRNA for AUG recognition. The eIF-3 complex is also required for disassembly and recycling of post-termination ribosomal complexes and subsequently prevents premature joining of the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits prior to initiation. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, including cell cycling, differentiation and apoptosis, and uses different modes of RNA stem-loop binding to exert either translational activation or repression. UniRule annotation4 Publications (Microbial infection) In case of FCV infection, plays a role in the ribosomal termination-reinitiation event leading to the translation of VP2.
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